The domain consists of all possible valid x-values, while the range consists of all possible y-values.
As 2x-10 is defined for all real numbers, the domain of 2x-10 is RR.
We would have to limit our domain if there was the possibility of dividing by 0 such as in 1/x for x=0, taking an even root of a negative number, such as sqrt(x) for x<0, or taking the logarithm of a non-positive number, such as ln(x) for x <= 0. As none of these apply, we do not have any restrictions on our choice of x.
Note that 2((y+10)/2)-10 = y, and thus for any real y, we may choose x = (y+10)/2 to get y = 2x-10. As such, every real number y is in the range of the function.