1. Introduction to Biology

    1. Foundation of Biology
    2. Classification and Domains of Life
    3. Hierarchy of Life (Levels of Organization)
    4. The Characteristics of Living Things
    5. Three Domains of Life
    6. Miller–Urey Experiment

  2. Molecular Biology Basics

    1. Organic Molecules vs Inorganic Molecules
    2. Nucleic Acids
    3. Proteins
    4. Carbohydrates
    5. Lipids
    6. Monomers and Polymers
    7. Water and Life
    8. Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Matter

  3. Enzymes

    1. Enzymes Overview
    2. Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity
    3. Inhibitors (Competitive and Non-Competitive)

  4. DNA Structure and Function

    1. DNA, Chromosomes and Genes
    2. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
    3. DNA Replication
    4. Transcription / RNA Synthesis
    5. Translation / Protein Synthesis
    6. Meselson-Stahl Experiment
    7. Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

  5. Signal Transduction and Control of Gene Expression

    1. Signal Transduction Pathways
    2. Regulatory DNA / RNA / RNAi
    3. Promoters / Operators
    4. Lac Operon

  6. The Role of DNA in Evolution

    1. Universal Presence of DNA
    2. Mutations
    3. Protein sequence comparisons
    4. Comparative Genomics

  7. Genetic Engineering

    1. DNA Databases
    2. Extracting DNA from Cells
    3. DNA / RNA Probes
    4. Restriction Enzymes
    5. Bacterial Transformation
    6. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
    7. DNA Sequencing
    8. DNA Profiling
    9. Gel Electrophoresis
    10. Western Blot
    11. Protein purification methods
    12. ELISA / Immunoassays

  8. Cell Structure and Function

    1. The Cell Theory
    2. Surface Area to Volume Ratio
    3. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
    4. Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells
    5. Cytoskeleton
    6. Microscopic Nature of Cells

  9. Movement In and Out of Cells

    1. Cell Membrane
    2. Cell Communication
    3. Diffusion
    4. Osmosis
    5. Active Transport
    6. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
    7. Transport Across the Cell Membranes
    8. Water Potential
    9. Apoptosis: Programmed Cell Death

  10. Energy in Cells

    1. Bioenergetics
    2. Physical Energy vs Chemical Energy
    3. Energy Transformation
    4. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
    5. Role of ATP
    6. Energy in Metabolic Pathways
    7. Coupled Reactions
    8. Gibbs Free Energy

  11. The Eukaryotic Cell

    1. Cell Cycle Overview
    2. Mitosis
    3. Binary Fission
    4. Regulation of the Cell Cycle
    5. Cancer
    6. Meiosis

  12. Origin of Life on Earth

    1. History of Life on Earth
    2. Endosymbiosis
    3. The Importance of Oxygen
    4. Culturing Cells
    5. Altering Cell Metabolism
    6. Abiogenesis
    7. Radioactive Carbon Dating
    8. The Fossil Record

  13. Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems

    1. Cellular Specialization
    2. Compartmentalization
    3. Homeostatic Evolution
    4. Interstitial Fluid
    5. Life Requires Free Energy
    6. Hierarchical Structure

  14. Coordination and Control

    1. Nerves and Hormones
    2. Stimulus-Response Model
    3. Reflex Response
    4. Negative Feedback
    5. Temperature Control in Humans
    6. The Five Senses

  15. Input and Output

    1. The Need for Exchange in Organisms
    2. Characteristics of Good Exchange Surfaces
    3. Blood Capillaries vs. Lymph Capillaries
    4. Alveoli in the Lungs
    5. Villi in the Small Intestine
    6. Nephrons in the Kidneys

  16. Energy In Organisms

    1. Photosynthesis
    2. Aerobic Respiration
    3. Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration

  17. Reproduction & Development

    1. Asexual Reproduction
    2. Sexual Reproduction
    3. Haploid vs Diploid
    4. Embryogenesis
    5. Human Embryonic and Fetal Development
    6. HOX genes
    7. Animal Development / Embryology

  18. Genetics & Inheritance

    1. X Inactivation
    2. Genetics Overview
    3. Punnett Squares
    4. Chromosomal Genetics
    5. Epigenetics
    6. Genotype Expression
    7. Genotypes & Phenotypes
    8. Hardy-Weinberg Equation
    9. Linked Genes
    10. Mendelian Genetics
    11. Probability in Genetics

  19. Bioethics

    1. The Ethics of Genetic Engineering
    2. Genetically Modified Foods
    3. Animals and Dissection

  20. Microorganisms

    1. Archaea
    2. Bacteria
    3. Protists
    4. Viruses
    5. Viral Replication

  21. Plants

    1. Finding Stomata
    2. Plants Overview
    3. Plant Defense
    4. Plant Control / Hormones
    5. Plant Nutrition & Transport
    6. Plant Structure / Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm
    7. Survival on Land
    8. Seeds vs. Seedless Plants

  22. Animals

    1. Animals Overview
    2. Eukarya
    3. Animal Behavior
    4. Animal Defense
    5. Animal Classification
    6. Endotherm vs. Ectotherm
    7. Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates

  23. The Elements of an Ecosystem

    1. Ecosystems Overview
    2. Species
    3. Populations and Communities
    4. Abiotic and Biotic Factors
    5. The Role of Decomposers
    6. Niche
    7. Types of Biomes

  24. Energy in Ecosystems

    1. Community Food Chains
    2. Efficiency of Producers and Consumers
    3. Productivity
    4. Energy Input and Output on Earth
    5. Food Webs

  25. Change in Communities

    1. Types of Changes (Slow and Rapid)
    2. The Importance of Biodiversity
    3. Biogeochemical Cycles
    4. Ecological Succession
    5. Carrying Capacity
    6. Opportunistic (r-Selected)
    7. Equilibrium (K-Selected)
    8. Logistic Growth

  26. Evolution

    1. Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
    2. The Effect of Abiotic and Biotic Factors
    3. Evolution of Resistant Bacteria
    4. Genetic Drift
    5. Migration / Gene Flow
    6. Stickleback Evolution
    7. Coevolution
    8. Microevolution
    9. Alfred Russell Wallace

  27. Natural Selection

    1. Sources of Variation
    2. Importance of Variation for a Species
    3. Natural Selection Overview
    4. Speciation
    5. Aposomatic Coloration
    6. r/K Selection Theory

  28. Human Impact on Ecosystems

    1. Human Practices that Change Ecosystems
    2. Species Extinctions Caused by Humans
    3. The Importance of Preserving Habitat
    4. Human Population Growth
    5. Human Demands on the Biosphere
    6. Invasive Species

  29. Taxonomy and Systematics

    1. Molecular Clocks
    2. Cladistics
    3. Phylogenetic Trees
    4. Taxonomy

  30. Fungi

    1. Fungi Overview
    2. Role of Fungi in Ecosystem
    3. Humans and Fungi

  31. Structure and Motion

    1. Muscles and Motion
    2. Bones and Support

  32. Immunity

    1. Innate vs. Acquired Immunity
    2. Effect of Public Health