Question

How is energy conservation measured?

Answer 1

Thermodynamically, Energy IS "conserved" - it only changes form. For environmental impact we compare the amount of energy that a process requires against different mechanisms.

Explanation:

For example, if my basic process (existing) is air conditioning with a closed-loop process (most refrigerators), I can measure how much energy I use to produce the desired result.

If I substitute a more efficient motor to drive the compressor, my energy usage will decrease for the same result. Thus, my "energy conservation" would be the difference between the energy used with each system.

I can also change my expectations, and decide to use only a fan for cooling effect without changing the room temperature. Then my energy conservation is much more, as it takes less energy to run a single fan than the entire air conditioning system.