How do you factor completely: 12x^5 + 6x^3 + 8x^2?

1 Answer
Jul 14, 2015

12x^5+6x^3+8x^2 = 2x^2(6x^3+3x+4)
= 12x^2(x-x_1)(x-x_2)(x-x_3)

where x_1, x_2, x_3 are defined below.

Explanation:

12x^5+6x^3+8x^2 = 2x^2(6x^3+3x+4)

Let f(x) = 6x^3+3x+4.

This is way too messy to solve, but for the record...

Use Cardano's method to solve f(x) = 0.

Let x = u + v

f(x) = 6(u+v)^3 + 3(u+v) + 4

=6u^3+6v^3+(18uv+3)(u+v) + 4

Let v = -1/6u.

Then 18uv+3 = 0 and

f(x) = 6u^3-1/(36u^3)+4

If f(x) = 0 then:

6u^3-1/(36u^3)+4 = 0

Multiply through by 36u^3 to get:

216(u^3)^2+144(u^3)-1 = 0

From the quadratic formula:

u^3 = (-144 +-sqrt(144^2+4*216))/(2*216)

=(-2^4 3^2+-sqrt(2^8 3^4 + 2^5 3^3))/(2^4 3^3)

=-1/3 +-(2^2 3 sqrt(2^4 3^2 + 2*3))/(2^4 3^3)

=-1/3 +-sqrt(150)/36

=-1/3 +-(5sqrt(6))/36

Since this derivation has been symmetric in u and v:

Let u = root(3)(-1/3 +(5sqrt(6))/36)

and v = root(3)(-1/3 -(5sqrt(6))/36)

The roots of f(x) = 0 are:

x_1 = u + v
x_2 = omega u + omega^2 v
x_3 = omega^2 u + omega v

where omega = -1/2 + i sqrt(3)/2

x_1 is the real root of f(x) = 0
x_2 and x_3 are a pair of complex conjugate roots.

Hence f(x) = 6(x - x_1)(x - x_2)(x - x_3)

and 12x^5+6x^3+8x^2 = 12x^2(x - x_1)(x - x_2)(x - x_3)